Crime in Seville and Aqueducts in Almadén: Two Faces of the Golden Age

Published on May 25, 2026 | Translated from Spanish

Between 1578 and 1616, Seville accumulated wealth from the New World, attracting a multitude of people. This constant flow of gold and silver brought with it an increase in crime. To control the chaos, local authorities resorted to exemplary punishments such as hanging and banishment. The city sought to maintain order amidst its prosperity.

Sevillian plaza during 1580s golden age, crowded market with merchants and thieves, a man being arrested by city guards near stone fountain, another prisoner led to wooden gallows in background, cobblestone streets, period clothing, ceramic roof tiles, dramatic sunset lighting casting long shadows, dust particles floating in warm air, cinematic historical visualization, photorealistic architectural details, tense action scene with visible struggle, chaotic urban atmosphere, ultra-detailed Renaissance cityscape

Engineering for silver: the aqueducts of Almadén 🏗️

While Seville was hanging thieves, in Almadén aqueducts were being built to supply water to the mercury mines. This mineral was essential for the amalgamation method, which allowed for efficient silver extraction in the American colonies. The hydraulic works, built with great effort, guaranteed a continuous supply to maintain production. Without this technical advancement, silver would not have flowed as easily into the royal coffers.

Justice that could not keep up ⚖️

While engineers moved water, Seville's justice moved gallows. The judges, overwhelmed by so many thieves, imposed harsh penalties hoping to frighten the population. But the problem was not the lack of punishment, but the abundance of rogues. In the end, the solution was simple: if you couldn't handle the criminal, at least make sure the mercury mine had water to keep producing wealth.